Battle of Pelusium

The Battle of Pelusium was the first major battle between the Achaemenid Empire and Egypt. This decisive battle transferred the throne of the Pharaohs to Cambyses II of Persia, marking the beginning of the Achaemenid Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt. It was fought in 525 BC near Pelusium, an important city in the eastern extremes of Egypt's Nile Delta, 30 km to the south-east of the modern Port Said. The battle was preceded and followed by sieges at Gaza and Memphis. Background Herodotus on motives and background The most common recounting of the events leading to the battle of Pelusium is from Greek historians, particularly Herodotus. According to Herodotus, the conflict between the Pharaoh Amasis II of Egypt and Cambyses II of Persia was a gradual process involving multiple personalities, mostly Egyptians. According to Herodotus, an Egyptian physician was requested by...

Soviet involvement in regime change

Soviet involvement in regime change entailed both overt and covert actions aimed at altering, replacing, or preserving foreign governments. In the 1920s, the nascent Soviet Union intervened in multiple governments primarily in Asia, acquiring the territory of Tuva and making Mongolia into a satellite state. During World War II, the Soviet Union helped overthrow many puppet regimes of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan, including in East Asia and much of Europe. Soviet forces were also instrumental in ending the rule of Adolf Hitler over Germany. In the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet government struggled with the United States for global leadership and influence within the context of the Cold War. It expanded the geographic scope of its actions beyond its traditional area of operations. In addition, the Soviet Union and Russia engaged in foreign electoral intervention in the national elections of many countries. One study indicated...

Narodziny gromady gwiazd masywnych N79 w Wielkim Obłoku Magellana

Teleskop Webba uchwycił niesamowity widok w podczerwieni mgławicy N79 znajdującej się w odległości ponad 160 tysięcy l.św. w Wielkim Obłoku Magellana - galaktycznej sąsiadki naszej Drogi Mlecznej. W N79 zachodzą tak intensywne procesy gwiazdotwórcze jak kiedyś we Wszechświecie, gdy liczył tylko kilka miliardów lat.

Monitoring AI-Modified Content at Scale: A Case Study on the Impact of ChatGPT on AI Conference Peer Reviews

We present an approach for estimating the fraction of text in a large corpus which is likely to be substantially modified or produced by a large language model (LLM). Our maximum likelihood model leverages expert-written and AI-generated reference texts to accurately and efficiently examine real-world LLM-use at the corpus level. We apply this approach to a case study of scientific peer review in AI conferences that took place after the release of ChatGPT: ICLR 2024, NeurIPS 2023, CoRL 2023 and EMNLP 2023. Our results suggest that between 6.5% and 16.9% of text submitted as peer reviews to these conferences could have been substantially modified by LLMs, i.e. beyond spell-checking or minor writing updates. The circumstances in which generated text occurs offer insight into user behavior: the estimated fraction of LLM-generated text is higher in reviews which report lower confidence, were submitted close to the deadline, and from reviewers who are less likely to respond to author rebuttals. We also observe corpus-level trends in generated text which may be too subtle to detect at the individual level, and discuss the implications of such trends on peer review. We call for future interdisciplinary work to examine how LLM use is changing our information and knowledge practices.

Błękitne nadolbrzymy mogą powstać w wyniku połączenia dwóch gwiazd

Zespół naukowców znalazł wskazówki dotyczące błękitnych nadolbrzymów. Chociaż są powszechnie obserwowane, ich pochodzenie pozostaje odwieczną tajemnicą.

Astronomy Picture of the Day

A different astronomy and space science related image is featured each day, along with a brief explanation.

New view of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the Milky Way hints at an exciting hidden feature (image)

"Perhaps there is also a jet lurking in Sagittarius A* waiting to be observed, which would be super exciting!"

Hubble odkrywa, że starzejące się brązowe karły stają się samotne

Do tanga trzeba dwojga, ale w przypadku brązowych karłów, które zostały kiedyś sparowane jako układy podwójne, związek ten nie trwa zbyt długo. Tak sugerują najnowsze badania przeprowadzone przy pomocy HST.